徐文长是明代著名的文学家和书法家，他以其独特的才华和不拘一格的性格闻名于世。本文选自《明史》，讲述了徐文长早年求学的经历以及他在学术上的造诣。

原文如下：

徐文长为山阴秀才时，性情豪放，不拘小节。一日，县令设宴，邀诸生赴会。席间，县令命诸生赋诗，以助雅兴。众秀才皆俯首构思，唯徐文长挥笔立就，诗云：“青山不改，绿水长流；岁月悠悠，天地悠悠。”县令览之大悦，称其才思敏捷，文采斐然。

徐文长虽才高八斗，但性格孤傲，不喜与世俗同流合污。他曾因直言敢谏，触怒权贵，屡遭贬谪。然而，这些挫折并未磨灭他的志向，反而更加坚定了他对文学艺术的追求。

翻译如下：

When Xu Wenchang was a scholar of Shanyin County, he was known for his unrestrained personality and disregard for trivialities. One day, the county magistrate held a banquet and invited all the students to attend. During the feast, the magistrate asked the students to compose poems to enhance the elegant atmosphere. All the scholars were deep in thought when Xu Wenchang quickly wrote down his poem: "The green mountains remain unchanged, the clear waters flow endlessly; time passes slowly, the universe vast." The magistrate read it with great delight, praising his quick wit and excellent literary talent.

Although Xu Wenchang possessed extraordinary talents, his character was aloof and he did not conform to the conventions of society. He once offended the powerful due to his outspokenness and was repeatedly demoted. However, these setbacks did not diminish his ambition but instead strengthened his pursuit of literature and art.

问题解析：

1. 徐文长为何被称为“秀才”？

答：徐文长因其卓越的文学才能被授予“秀才”的称号。

2. 徐文长的性格特点是什么？

答：徐文长性格豪放不羁，不拘小节，且具有强烈的正义感和独立思考的能力。

3. 徐文长为何屡遭贬谪？

答：由于徐文长敢于直言批评时弊，得罪了当时的权贵阶层，因此多次遭到贬官。

总结：通过这篇文章我们可以看到，徐文长不仅是一位杰出的文学家，更是一个有着高尚品格的人。他的故事激励着后人要保持初心，勇敢面对困难，在逆境中寻找光明。